John of Lancaster. 1389-1435. English regent of France. Allowed Joan of Arc’s execution.

Jones, Inigo. 1573-1652. English architect who introduced Palladian style. Greenwich House 1616. Whitehall Banquet Hall 1619.

Jonson, Ben. 1572-1637. English poet, dramatist: Drink to me Only with Thine Eyes. Every Man in his Humour 1601. Alchemist 1610. 1598 escaped gallows by Benefit of Clergy.

Jordaens, Jacob. 1593-1678. Flemish painter. Boisterous scenes of peasant life. Allegory 1625.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.

Kappel, Wars. 1529,31. Swiss Reformation. Zwingli killed. Swiss cantons allowed to chose faiths.

Katyn Affair. 1940 massacre of Polish officers by Russian troops discovered 1943. Denied, blamed on Nazis. Ignored by Allies. Soviets admit responsibility, 1992.

Kent, William. c1686-1748. British illustrator, Palladian architect, gardener.

Kesselring, Albert. 1887-1960. German Commander-in-Chief in Italy, 1943. Delayed Allied victory. WWII.

Khrushchev, Nikita. 1894-1971. Soviet leader 1953-64. Berlin Wall 1961. Hungarian Uprising 1956. Malenkov.

King William’s War. 1689-97. Britain vs France in North America. War of Grand Alliance. First French-Indian War.

Klee, Paul. 1879-1940. Swiss abstract artist of original delicate small-scale fantasy. Mocker Mocked 1930.

Klimt, Gustav. 1862-1918. Vienna Sezession allegorical mural painter. Kiss 1908.

Knights of St John. Hospitallers.

Konoe, Fuminaro. 1891-1945. Japanese Prime Minister 1937~41. Formed Axis alliance; USSR non-aggression pact.

Korah. Led Hebrew revolt vs Moses. Swallowed up by the earth.

Korean War. 1950-3. China supports Communist invasion of South Korea. Repelled with UN aid-mainly US troops. MacArthur. 38th parallel border reestablished. 5M dead.

Kremlin. 1156 walled city. Moscow Imperial Palace to 1712. Now houses Russian government.

Laissez-Faire. Motto of 19C liberals calling for free markets and trade. Smith. “Laissez-faire, laissez-passer, laissez-aller”-Legendre 1680.

Langland, William. 1330-1400. English Christian allegorical poet. Piers Ploughman 1362.

Largo Caballero, Francisco. 1869-1946. Spanish socialist Prime Minister, 1936-7. Radical polemics led to Civil War.

La Salle, Robert. 1643-87. French explorer of Louisiana, Mississippi 1682.

Lassalle, Ferdinand. 1825-64. German Socialist. 1848 Revolutionary Movement.

Latvia. 9C Varangian. 1158 Teutonic Knights. 1561 Poland(S). 1629 Sweden(N). 1721 Russian(N)...1795 Russian(all). 1918 Independent republic. 1934 Ulmanis dictator. 1940 USSR. 1941-45 German occupation. 1991 Independent.

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