Campanella, Tommaso. 1568-1639. Italian monk, philosopher. City of the Sun 1602 parallels Plato’s Republic.

Canterbury, Archbishop. 597-. Primate of all England. Leader of Anglican church world-wide.

Canton System. 1759-1842. All China foreign trade through Canton.

Caracalla. 188-217. Brutal Roman Emperor 211-.

Carlists. 1820-1937. Supporters, especially Basque, of Don Carlos’ claims vs Isabella under Salic Law.

Carnot, Lazare. 1753-1823. French mathematician. Called “organizer of victory” by Revolutionaries. Member of Directory, Tribunal. Instituted conscription.

Caroline Affair. 1837. Canadians destroy US vessel at Niagara for supplying rebels. Mackenzie.

Carothers, Wallace. 1896-1937. Invented nylon, 1935 at duPont.

Carthage. 814BC Phoenician colony. Dido. 574BC Independence after Tyre falls. 480BC Republic. 264-146BC Punic Wars. Hannibal. 146BC Rome razes, rebuilds. 439 Vandals plunder. 533 Byzantine. 705 Moslem. Tunis.

Cartwright, Alexander. “Father of American baseball”. Established rules for modern game.

Casablanca, Conference. 1943. Allies agree to fight Axis and Japan to unconditional surrender.

Central Powers. 1882-1918. = Triple Alliance. Germany and its allies during WWI.

Chagall, Marc. 1887-1985. Russian/French painter of biblical scenes. Stained glass. Ceiling, Paris Opera 1964.

Challenger Expedition. 1872-6. Oceanic survey of currents, depths, temps.

Chambers, William. 1726-96. English Palladian architect. Somerset House 1776-86.

Champ-de-Mars. Garden under the Eiffel Tower. Originally Gabriel’s parade ground for École Militaire.

Chanson de Roland. 12C French epic poem. Roncesvalles. Roland.

Charles, Jacques. French physicist, launched early hydrogen balloon 1783 with Robert. Gas Law V=kT 1798.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Château Clique. Small merchant group dominated government of Lower Canada to 1830s.

Christianity. World’s largest religion, based on acts and teachings of Jesus Christ, believed to be Son of God. Emphasises love for all..

Christine de Pisan. c1364-1430. French poet. Love poems, ballads.

Civil Rights Acts. US. 1866 Black citizenship. 1964 Ends all legal discrimination. 1968 Bans housing discrimination. 1991 Equal employment.

Comic Opera. 18C revolt vs serious opera. Light style, familiar scenes. Italy: opera buffa; Fr: opéra comique; Eng: ballad opera; Ger: singspiel. Orig as intermezzo for opera.

Common Law. Based on precedents derived from reason rather than a code of statutes. Originally English.

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