Carnot, Sadi. 1796-1832. French discoverer of reversibility of heat and work.

Carr, Emily. 1871-1945. Canadian writer and primitivist painter. Klee Wick 1941.

Carter, Elliott. 1908-. US composer. Experimental approach to material and structure.

Carthage. 814BC Phoenician colony. Dido. 574BC Independence after Tyre falls. 480BC Republic. 264-146BC Punic Wars. Hannibal. 146BC Rome razes, rebuilds. 439 Vandals plunder. 533 Byzantine. 705 Moslem. Tunis.

Cartouche. 1693-1721. Chief of a band of thieves in Paris 1717-.

Cartwright, Alexander. “Father of American baseball”. Established rules for modern game.

Casablanca, Conference. 1943. Allies agree to fight Axis and Japan to unconditional surrender.

Cassander. c354-297BC. Macedonian King. Fought for control after Alexander’s death. Diadochi.

Cassandra. Daughter of Priam, with gift of prophecy, but curse of never being believed.

Cassiopeia. Andromeda’s mother.

Castel Gandolfo. 1596-. Pope’s summer residence.

Castor and Pollux. Greek twin dieties. Patrons of sailors.

Cat and Mouse Act. Prisoners Temporary Discharge for Health Act. 1913. Released British suffragettes on hunger strikes.

Catalan. Romance language of Andorra, NE Spain, SW France.

Catherine, St. 4C. Virgin martyred on the wheel in Alexandria.

Catherine II, the Great. 1729-96. Autocratic Empress of Russia, 1762-. Overthrew husband, Peter III. Annexed Crimea, Polish territory.

Catherine of Valois. 1401-37. Wife of Henry V. Mother of Henry VI and VII of England.Tudor.

Catholic League. 1576-93. Opposed Henry IV and Huguenots. Holy Leagues.

Catiline. 109-62BC. Roman patrician who conspired against Cicero and the Senate.

Cavalier Parliament. 1661-79. Royalist. Repressive laws against Puritans and Catholics.

Cavaliere, Emilio del. c1550-1602. Added arias and choral movements to cantatas. Early dramatic music.

Caxton, William. c1422-91. Printed first English book 1473/4. First printer in England, 1476. Published Chaucer, Aesop. First woodcuts appear in Game and Playe of Chesse 1476. First poster 1477.

Ceausescu, Nicolae. 1918-89. Repressive Romanian dictator, 1965-. Advocated independence from USSR and western ties. Economic policy led to food, energy shortages. Overthrown and executed.

Céline, Louis-Ferdinand. 1894-1961. French writer: Voyage au bout de la nuit 1932.

Celsius, Anders. 1701-44. Swedish physicist: centigrade temperature scale 1742.

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