Tartini, Giuseppe. 1692-1770. Italian violinist, composer.

Tasmania. 1642 Tasman discovers = Van Diemen’s Land. 1803-52 British penal settlement. 1856 Self-government = Tasmania. 1901 Australia.

Tasso, Torquato. 1544-95. Italian poet. Jerusalem Liberated 1581.

Telemann, Georg. 1681-1767. German Baroque composer of vitality, wit and color.

Terrorism. Zealots. Cagoulards. Baader-Meinhof. Irish Republican Army. Hamas. PLO. Osama. Taliban. al-Qaeda.

Thackeray, William. 1811-1863. English novelist. Vanity Fair 1849. Sentimental and cynical moralist.

Thalia. The Muse of comedy.

Thalidomide. 1958-62. German/British sedative with disastrous effects on embryo development. Led to drug regulatory agencies worldwide.

Third Coalition, War. 1805. England, Austria, Russia, Sweden beaten by France, Spain despite Trafalgar victory. Ulm. Austerlitz. Coalition.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Thomas Aquinas, St. 1225-74. Italian Dominican scholar. 5 Proofs of God. An eternal law governs all physical and moral behaviour. Summa Theologica. Thomism. Reconciled Aristotle’s reason with Christian faith.

Three Principles of the People. 1923. Sun Yat-sen: Nationalism, freedom from Imperial rule; Democracy; Livelihood.

Thugs. Indian religious sect suppressed by British. Killed travellers to offer to goddess Kali.

Tiepolo, Giovanni. 1696-1770. Italian painter of color and light. Frescoes.

Tilsit, Treaties. 1807. Russia, Prussia join Continental System. Russia free to attack Finland. Prussia surrenders to Napoleon, reduced in size. France controls Central Europe. Creates Warsaw Duchy, Westphalia.

Tithonus. Prince endowed with immortality, but not eternal youth. Became grasshopper.

Tito, Josip Broz. 1892-1980. Yugoslav WWII Partisan leader. Led government 1945-. President 1953-, for life 1974-. Defied Stalin 1948.

Togliatti, Palmiro. 1893-1964. Co-founder, Italian Communist Party. Leader 1926-.

Tokugawa Mitsukuni. 1628-1700. Feudal leader, key to History of Great Japan 1658-1906.

Tolstoy, Lev. 1828-1910. Russian historical novelist. Moralist. Occupied with social reforms; freed his serfs. Founded Christian anarchist religion. War and Peace 1863-9. Anna Karenina 1875-7.

Tone, Wolfe. 1763-98. Irish nationalist leader, rebel. Led French force to Ireland 1798. Suicide. United Irishmen.

Torricelli, Evangelista. 1608-47. Italian physicist. mercury barometer, vacuum 1643.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Toscanini, Arturo. 1867-1957. Italian virtuoso conductor of Verdi, Beethoven.

Totalitarianism. Government which tries to fully control life of citizens. Fascist Italy. Nazi Germany. Communist Russia.

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