New Netherland. 1624-64. Dutch colonies in North America. Captured by British. New Amsterdam.

Newman, John. 1801-90. English theologian, writer, founded Oxford Movement. Apologia pro Vita Sua 1868.

Newton, Isaac. 1643-1727. English physicist. Calculus 1666. Reflecting telescope 1668. Binomial Theorem. 1676. Tides 1683. Law of Gravity and Acceleration 1684. Decomposition of light.Principia Mathematica 1687. Speed of sound 1698.Opticks 1704.

Ney, Michel. 1769-1815. Marshal under Napoleon. Shot after second Restoration. “Bravest of the brave”-Napoleon.

Nicephorus I. -811. Byzantine Emperor 802-. Agreement with Charlemagne led to Empire of the West.

Nicias. -413BC. Athenian commander. Syracuse siege.

Niemöller, Martin. 1892-1984. German theologian. Opposed Nazis.

Night of the Long Knives. 1934. Hitler’s SS murder 77+ Nazi opponents and others.

Nightingale, Florence. 1820-1910. English pioneer of nursing in Crimean War. “The lady with the lamp.”

Ninety-five Theses. 1517. Document Luther nailed to Wittenburg church door. Began Reformation.

Nominalism. Philosophy. Abstractions do not exist. Things are their names. Vs Realists. Aristotle. Roscelin. Hobbes.

Normans. 9C. Norsemen who settled in northern France, Sicily, Naples, Albania, Thessaloniki.

Northampton, Battle. 1460. War of the Roses. York victory earns right to succeed Henry VI.

Northern Expedition. 1926-8. Kuomintang unify China, purge Communists.

Northern Ireland. Ireland. 17C Protestants settle. 1801 United Kingdom. 1920 Ireland divided. 1922 Civil War. 1922 Direct rule. IRA.

Northern War, First. 1655-60. Sweden vs Poland and allies. Sweden wins Danish territory. Poland renounces claim to Swedish throne.

Northern War, Great. 1700-21. Sweden vs Russia and allies. Ends Sweden’s power, begins Russia’s.

Notre-Dame. Paris Cathedral. 1163-1345. Restored 1841. Prototype of all Gothic cathedrals.

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. 1968. USSR, US, UK, +59 others. Effective 1970.

Nufer, Jacob. c1500. First successful Caesarian section on living mother.

Numa Pompilius. c715-673BC. Second king of Rome. Organized the ceremony of state.

Nystad, Treaty. 1721. Russia/Sweden. Russia gains window on Baltic. Ends Great Northern War.

Obed. Biblical son of Ruth and Boaz. Grandfather of David.

Oberon. King of the Fairies, from Huon de Bordeaux poem.

Observatory, Paris. 1667-72. Claude Perrault. Dimensions of the solar system 1672, meridians of longitude. Sets Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

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