Papineau, Louis. 1786-1871. French-Canadian nationalist. Led 1837 revolt vs Britain in Lower Canada.

Parnell, Charles. 1846-91. Irish nationalist. Founded Land League.

Passy, Frédéric. 1822-1912. French founder of International League for Permanent Peace 1867. First

Patel, Vallabhbhai. 1875-1950. Indian nationalist with Gandhi.

Pedrell, Felipe. 1841-1922. “Midwife” of Spanish Nationalist music.

Poincaré, Raymond. 1860-1934. French president 1913-20, Prime Minister 1912~29. Conservative nationalist. Occupied Ruhr.

Polish Corridor. 1919-39. Baltic territory dividing east Prussia from Germany. Nazis invade 1939.

Pratt, E.J. 1883-1964. Canadian Nationalist poet. Brébeuf and his Brethren 1940.

Privatization. 1980s. Sale to public of government enterprises. Nationalization.

Pullman Strike. 1894. Chicago. Broken by troops, injunction. National boycott call. Debs.

Qaddafi, Muammar. 1942-. Radical nationalist Libyan dictator 1969- after deposing Idris I. Nationalized oil industry 1973. Middle East terrorist supporter.

Red Cross. c1863. Dunant founds International relief organization. Geneva Convention 1864. 1881 US. Solferino.

Ribbentrop, Joachim von. 1893-1946. German Nazi foreign minister 1933-45. Hanged at Nuremberg.

Rimsky-Korsakov, Nicolai. 1844-1908. Russian Nationalist composer/orchestrator: Scheherezade 1888. Operas.

Röhm, Ernst. 1887-1934. German Nazi rival of Hitler. Organized SA. Executed.

Romansh. Romance language spoken in Grison Canton of Switzerland. “National” language 1938-.

Root, Elihu. 1845-1937. US internationalist statesman. Agreements with Japan, Britain, Latin America. Disarmament Conference.

Rosenberg, Alfred. 1893-1946. German Nazi ideologist. Executed.

Rotary International. 1905.

Runeberg, Johan. 1804-77. Finnish epic poet. National anthem adapted from his poem Vårtland.

SA. 1921-34. Brownshirts. Nazi force for breaking up rival party meetings. Purged on Night of Long the Knives.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Smetana, Bedrich. 1824-84. Czech Nationalist opera composer. Bartered Bride 1866. “-Father of Czech music”.

Snellman, Johan. 1806-81. Finnish nationalist. Established national language.

Social Security. First in Germany: 1883-89. UK 1911; Canada 1927; US 1935-66. Poor Laws. National Insurance.

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