Benevolences. 1473-1689. Forced ’loans’ to English monarchs.

Bernini, Lorenzo. 1598-1680. Italian Baroque painter, sculptor, architect. Louis XIV bust. Apollo and Daphne 1616. St. Theresa 1646.

Bevan, Aneurin. 1897-1960. British Socialist MP 1929-60. Architect of National Health Service, 1948.

Bhutan. Himalayan kingdom. 9C Tibet invaders settle. c1630 Independent. 17,18C Tibet invades. 1865 Part British 1907 Monarchy. 1910 British Protectorate. 1949 Indian Protectorate.

Bloomsbury Group. 1907-30. Agnostic English intellectuals searching for good, true, beautiful. Forster, Woolf, Keynes, Russell, Huxley, et.al.

Boccador, Il. -1549. Architect Paris Hotel de Ville, 1533.

Bodin, Jean. 1530-96. French political philosopher. Advocated democratic monarchy.

Boffrand, Germain. 1667-1754. French architect. Palais Bourbon 1710.

Bonus Army. 1932. US WWI vets march to demand accelerated bonus payment. Dispersed by force.

Borromini, Francesco. 1599-1667. Italian Baroque architect. S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 1665-67.

Boullée, Étienne. 1728-99. French grandiose Neoclassical architect.

Bramante, Donato. 1444-1514. Italian architect. St. Peter’s 1506.

Brazil. 1500 Cabral discovers. 1532 Portuguese colonize. 1808-22 Seat of Portugal monarchy. 1822 Independent monarchy. 1828 -Uruguay. 1891 Republic.

Brosse, Salomon de. 1571-1624. Architect: Luxembourg Palace 1615.

Brown, Lancelot “Capability”. 1715-83. English landscape architect. Created the definitive “English Garden”: assymmetric, harmonious, accidental. Blenheim. Prior Park.

Bruant, Libéral. 1635-97. Architect: Les Invalides 1671.

Brunelleschi, Filippo. 1377-1446. Florentine architect. Dome of Florence Cathedral 1420. Perspective 1415.

Buchenwald. 1937-45. Nazi concentration camp. Medical research, slave labour. 52,500 dead.

Burgundian. c1075-1125. Style of Romanesque architecture. Tall proportional.

Burnet, John. 1859-1938. Scottish architect: British Museum.

Byzantine Architecture. 330-600. Ecclesiastic style. Domes. Vaults. Hagia Sophia 537.

Cadiz, Constitution. 1812-13. Limited monarchy.

Callicrates. Greek. An architect of Parthenon.

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. CND. 1958- Founded by Russell. Aldermaston Marches. The peace symbol, overlaid semaphore ND, was designed for the CND.

Canterbury, Archbishop. 597-. Primate of all England. Leader of Anglican church world-wide.

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