Siloé, Diego de. c1495-1563. Spanish Renaissance sculptor, Plateresque architect. Granada Cathedral.

Sinan. 1489-1588. Ottoman architect. Mosque of Suleiman, Istanbul 1550-7.

Siqueiros, David. 1896-1974. Mexican socialist mural painter. Third World. March of Humanity.

Smirke, Robert. 1781-1867. Architect. British Museum 1823.

Soane, John. 1753-1837. English Neoclassical architect, collector. Bank of England 1792-1833.

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr. 1918-2008. Russian novelist. Expelled 1974. Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 1962. Gulag Archipelago 1973.

Soufflot, Germain. 1713-80. Protégé of Marigny. Architect of the Panthéon c1757-90.

Sousa, John Philip. 1854-1932. US march composer.

Spain. c3000BC Iberians. c11C BC Phoenicians. c10C Celts. 6C Basques. c5C Carthage. 3C BC Rome. 5C Vandals, Visigoths. 711 Moslems. 801 Charlemagne. 10C independent kingdoms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre. 1031-1492 Reconquista. 1143 Portugal independent. 1479 Aragon, Castile unite. 1492 Moors final defeat. 1512 + Navarre =Spain. 1808 Napoleon. 1898 -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Spanish American War. 1931 Republic. 1936 Civil War. 1939 Franco. 1975 Parliamentary Monarchy. ETA. New Spain.

Spance, Basil. 1907-76. British architect. New Coventry Cathedral 1951.

Spanish March. 801. Charlemagne in northeast Spain.

Speer, Albert. 1905-81. Architect, Nazi war production organizer.

St-Denis Basilica. 1137-44. Romanesque-Gothic transformation point. Burial place of French kings. Suger.

Star Chamber. 1327-1641. English tribunal to try offences against the state. Abused by Charles I.

Ste. Chapelle. 1246-8. Paris. Architect: Pierre de Montreuil. Built to house The Crown of Thorns.

Strickland, Wm. 1787-1854. US Greek Revival architect.

Suger. 1081-1151. French Abbot of St-Denis, royal adviser. Rebuilt abbey, initiating Gothic style.

Sullivan, Louis. 1856-1924. US architect. Skyscrapers. Carsonn Pirie Scott Store, Chicago 1899-1904.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Swiss Guards. 1505- Swiss Mercenaries protecting monarchs, Pope. 600 massacred at Tuileries 1791. 1825- Incorporated in Vatican forces. Julius II.

Tessin, Nicodemus, the Elder. 1615-81. Swedish architect. Drottningholm 1662.

Tetrarchy. Any country with sovereign under Roman Empire in Eastern Provinces.

Thailand. c1220 Kingdom. 1350 Ayutthaya dynasty. 1584 Independent = Siam. 1767 Burma invades. 1782 Chakkri dynasty. 1893 East ceded to France. 1932 Coup, Constitutional Monarchy. 1939 = Thailand. 1941-45 Japanese occupy. Military coups 1957,58,63,71,73,76,81.

Themistocles. c523-460BC. Athenian archon, naval leader 493-480BC. Defeated Persians at Salamis, 480. Rebuilt Acropolis. Started Piraeus harbour.

Theodore, St. c602-90. Archbishop of Canterbury; organized English church.

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