France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

Francis Ferdinand. 1863-1914. Austrian archduke assassinated in Sarajevo, provoking WWI.

Francis Joseph I. 1830-1916. Austrian Empire. 1848-. King of Hungary 1867-. Bismarck. Triple Alliance. Dual Monarchy.

Frederick VII. 1808-63. Danish king 1848-. Formed Constitutional Monarchy.

French Revolution. 1789-99. Monarchy overthrown. Republic established 1792. Caused by Absolutism, financial crisis, Enlightenment. Terror. Napoleon. French Revolutionary Wars.

Frobisher, Martin. 1535-94. British navigator in search of North-West passage 1576.

Functionalism. 1924-45. Architectural movement of Le Corbusier. Austere objects perfected to carry out their function.

Gabriel. Archangel. God’s messenger. Made Annunciation to Mary, and revealed Koran to Muhammad.

Gabriel, Jacques-Ange. 1698-1782. French Architect: École Militaire 1752. Champ-de-Mars. Place de la Concorde 1755. Petit Trianon 1762.

Garnier, Charles. 1825-98. French architect. Paris Opera House 1860.

Gaudi, Antonio. 1852-1926. Barcelona architect: Sagrada Familia 1883-; Casa Mila 1905-7.

George II. 1683-1760. King of Great Britain and Ireland 1727-. Weakness led to constitutional monarchy.

George IV. 1762-1830. King of UK 1820-. Regent from 1811. Scandals led to decline in influence of monarchy. Brighton Pavillion. Regency.

George V. 1865-1936. King of UK 1910-. Repopularized monarchy with radio Christmas message.

Georgian Architecture. 1714-1830. Palladian, 1720-60. Adam, 1760-1800. Regency, 1810-37. Often red brick with white trim.

Ghiberti, Lorenzo. c1378-1455. Florentine naturalistic sculptor and architect. John the Baptist 1414. Florence Baptistery doors 1425-50.

Gilbert, Cass. 1859-1934. US architect: Woolworth Building 1908-13.

Giulio Romano. 1492-1546. Italian Mannerist painter, architect. Palazzo del Te 1525/6.

Godwin, William. 1756-1836. English atheist philosopher, author. Anarchism. Cooperation is evil. Things as they Are 1794.

Goldman, Emma. 1869-1940. Russian/US anarchist. Deported from US, 1919.

Goodyear, Charles. 1800-60. US. Vulcanized rubber, 1839.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Greece. c3000BC Minoan(Crete). c1500BC Achaean. 11C Aeolian, Ionian. c1100 Dorian. 683 Athens monarchy. 404 Sparta. 371 Thebes. 338 Macedonia...Alexander. 197BC Rome...Byzantine. 1453 AD Ottoman. 1829 Independent kingdom. 1912 +Crete. 1924 Republic. 1935 Constitutional Monarchy. 1973 Republic. 1981 EEC. 1994 EU.

Gropius, Walter. 1883-1969. German architect. Bauhaus director. Modern horizontal buildings, glass walls.

Guas, Juan. -c1496. Spanish arch. Isabelline style.

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