Sidney, Philip. 1554-86. English poet. Arcadia 1580. Defence of Poesie 1585.

Sienkiewicz, Henryk. 1846-1916. Polish novelist: Slowo Trilogy 1883-88. Quo Vadis 1896.

Simony. Trading in church offices, sacred objects. Banned by Council of Chalcedon 451, and in England since Edward VI.

Sitter, Willem de. 1872-1934. Dutch radio astronomer. Expanding universe.

Six Acts. 1819. Suppressed Radicals after Peterloo.

Slivnitza, Battle. 1885. Bulgaria defeats invading Serbs.

Social Democratic Party. 1863. Oldest German political party. Marxist to 1959. Now less radical.

Songhai. 15-16C. West African trading empire.

St Laurent, Louis. 1882-1973 Canadian Liberal Prime Minister 1948-57. St Lawrence Seaway. Old Age Security.

St Vincent and the Grenadines. Carib. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1763 English. 1773 Treaty with Caribs. 1795 Carib revolt fails, most deported. 1871 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1969 Autonomous. +Grenadines. 1979 Independent.

Stradivari, Antonio. 1644-1737. Italian master violin maker 1666-.

Strathcona and Mount Royal, First Baron. 1820-1914. Canadian statesman key to Canadian Pacific Railway; drove last spike.

Strauss, Richard. 1864-1949. Traditional German composer of symphonic poems, operas. Don Juan 1889. Salome 1905. Also Sprach Zarathustra 1909.

Sunni. Majority orthodox Moslem sect who follow Sunnah, traditional legal, social practices. Shi’ite.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Tay Son Rebellion. 1771-88. Vietnam. Tay Son brothers take power. 1788-93. Defeat invading Chinese. Social reforms.

Thomson, Tom. 1877-1917. Canadian landscape painter. Influenced Group of Seven.

Three Kings, Battle. 1578. Invading Moors, Portuguese defeated by Moroccans. All kings died.

Trotsky. Lev Bronstein. 1879-1940. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, with Lenin anti-Stalin. “Worldwide Permanent Revolution”-socialism in Russia requires revolution everywhere. Favoured International Communism over Stalin’s Russian nationalism. Organized First Soviet 1905. Twice banished to Siberia by Czar. 1918 War Commissar...Red Army. Banished by Stalin 1929. Murdered in exile in Mexico.

Trotskyists. 1965-75. Revolutionary radical-left syndicalist movements propounding Trotsky’s theory of permanent revolution.

Trudeau, Pierre. 1919-2000. Canadian Liberal Prime Minister 1969~84. Constitution Act 1982; Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Tutankhamen. Egyptian pharaoh 1361-52BC. Restored traditions after Amarna Revolution. Tomb opened 1922.

Venetian school. 15-18C Italian Arcadian painting of brilliant mosaic color. Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto. Montegna.

Vimy Ridge. 1917. WWI battle. Key position taken by Canadians despite high casualties.

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