Moreno, Mariano. 1778-1811. Argentine revolutionary leader.

Mornay, Philippe de. 1549-1623. French Huguenot leader in Wars of Religion, 1562-98. Reconciled Henry III, Henry of Navarre.

Morosini. Venetian leader. Blew up Parthenon, Athens, 1687.

Moses. c14C BC. Hebrew leader who led his people from Egypt to Palestine. Received the Ten Commandments from God. Founded Israel.

Mosley, Oswald. 1896-1980. British Fascist union leader 1932-.

Mugabe, Robert. 1924-. Rebel leader with Nkomo. First Prime Minister of Zimbabwe 1980-.

Müller, Hermann. 1876-1931. German Weimar leader. Young Plan.

Muslim Civil War. 656-61 Sunni Muawiya defeats Shi’ite Ali for leadership starting Umayyad dynasty. 683-92 Umayyad put down Syrian rebellion. 809-13 Iraq vs Iran. 1008-31 Moslem Spanish gain autonomy from Umayyad.

Nader, Ralph. 1934-. US pioneer consumer advocate. Unsafe at Any Speed 1965.

Nader Shah. 1688-1747. Severe ruler of Persia 1736-. Conquered Turks and northern India. Took Koh-i-noor diamond, Peacock Throne.

Näfels, Battle. 1388. Swiss defeat Hapsburg invaders, assuring independence.

Nation, Carry. 1846-1911. US temperance crusader 1890-. Smashed saloons with hatchet.

Ne Win, U. 1911 Burmese junta leader, 1962-81.

Neville’s Cross, Battle. 1346. English defeat Scottish invaders, capture King David II.

Nicopolis, Battle. 1396. Turks crushed Crusaders. Ended European opposition to Ottoman expansion into Balkans.

Novotny, Antonin. 1904-75. Stalinist Czech leader 1953-68. Deposed.

Nuremberg Trials. 1945-6. Trials of 22 Nazi leaders for crimes in WWII. 12 death sentences.

O’Connell, Daniel. 1775-1847. Irish leader. Founded Catholic Association, 1823. Election to Parliament led to Catholic Emancipation Act, 1829.

Oldcastle, John. c1378-1417. English soldier. Lollard heretic leader. Model for Falstaff.

Osceola. c1804-38. Seminole leader. Arrested at truce talks.

Paderewski, Ignacy. 1860-1941. Polish pianist, composer. Prime Minister 1919.

Paleologus. Byzantine dynasty 1259-1453. Ousted crusader kings. Defeated by Turks.

Peacock Throne. Seized 1739 in Delhi by Nader Shah. Taken to Iran. Original lost.

Pericles. c495-429BC. Athenian leader 461-. Led to Athenian dominance of Greece. Parthenon. Height of democracy.

Peter, St. -64. Leader of Jesus’ disciples. First pope. Crucified upside-down by Nero.

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