Mother Goose. Perrault. Contes de ma mère l’oye 1697. From an old French expression = “old wives’ tales”....Mother Goose’s Melody 1781.

Motherwell, Robert. 1915-91. US Abstract Expressionist painter. Created New York school. Elegy to the Spanish Republic 1949-59.

Muhlenberg. German/US family. Founded US Lutheranism 18-19C.

Mumford, Lewis. 1895-1990. US social critic. Must restore human moral values. The City in History 1961.

Munch, Edvard. 1863-1944. Norwegian painter. Expressive, symbolic, psychological. The Cry 1893.

Murasaki Shikibu. c978-1014. Japanese court lady, writer. Tales of the Genji 1001-5.

Murdoch, Iris. 1919-99. British philosophical novelist. Under the Net 1954.

Muscadins. French Royalist youth movement after the Commune.

Muses. Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne that preside over the areas of knowledge: Calliope-epics, Clio-history, Erato-love poems, Thalia-comedy, Melpomene- tragedy, Terpsichore-dance, Euterpe-music, Polyhymnia-sacred poems, Urania-astronomy.

Murphy, Gerald and Sara. 1920-33 US expatriates in Paris, Antibes. Parties, salons for artists and writers. Models for Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night.

Myrmidons. Mythical Thessaly tribe led by Achilles.

NAACP. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 1909-. For US black civil rights. Niagara Movement. Du Bois.

Nader Shah. 1688-1747. Severe ruler of Persia 1736-. Conquered Turks and northern India. Took Koh-i-noor diamond, Peacock Throne.

Nanak. 1469-1539. Indian Sikh guru. To reduce strife between Hindus and Moslems, founded Sikh religion. -“God is one, whether Allah, Rama, God or Vishnu”.

Napier, John. 1550-1617. Scottish mathematician, invented logarithms 1614. Napiers bones anticipated slide rule. Decimal notation.

Naples. 758BC settled. 326BC Rome. 1072 Norman. 1130 +Sicily. 1282 -Sicily. 1443 +Sicily under Aragon= Two Sicilies. 1799-1806 Parthenopean Republic. 1861 Italy.

Nassau. German family which controlled the Rhine from 12C. One branch was House of Orange.

National Party. 1914. South African Afrikaaner pro-Apartheid, anti-Commonwealth party. In power 1948-94.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Nearchus. -312BC. Macedonian general under Alexander.

Necker, Jacques. 1732-1804. Swiss Finance Minister of France before the Revolution. Compte Rendu 1781. Called Estates General leading to French Revolution. Dismissal led to riots.

Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir. 1858-1943. Russian author/director. Founded Moscow Art Theater with Stanislavsky.

Neoplatonism. 3C Plotinus’ philosophy of the “One”. Union with the “Good” by using intelligence.

Neorealism, Italian. 1920-60. Literary movement supressed by Fascists. Moving autobiographical accounts of the war years. Quasimodo.

Neptune. Roman god of the Sea = Poseidon. Trident.

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