Poseidon. Greek god of the sea. = Neptune.

Potemkin, Grigori. 1739-91. Russian Field Marshal. Supported Catherine II.

Potidaea. 432BC. Revolt vs Athens. Second Peloponnesian War.

Poussin, Nicolas. 1594-1665. French Neoclassical painter. Strong pictorial emotional works. Arcadian Shepherds 1638/55. Rape of the Sabines 1636-7.

Powhatan. c1550-1618. American Indian chief. Pocohantas’ father. Co-op. with settlers.

Pragmatic Sanction. 1713. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI declares Maria Theresa as heir causing War of Austrian Succession.

Praguerie. 1440. French nobles rebel vs Charles VII.

Prairial, Law of 22. 1794. France allowed only acquital or death penalty in trials. Terror.

Prandtl, Ludwig. 1875-1953. German “father” of aerodynamics.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. 1848-53. British painters vs Royal Academy. Advocated return to simple classical naturalism. Painted with bright colors on white vs dark tones of the time. Rossetti. Millais. Hunt.

Priam. Last king of Troy. Father of Paris, Hector.

Price, Harry. 1881-1948. Famous British medium debunker. Wrote about the most haunted house in England, but faked it.

Priestley, Joseph. 1733-1804. English chemist: isolated Oxygen 1774, 9 other gasses.

Prime Minister. =Premier. Head of parliamentary government under the head of state (monarch or president). Walpole (1721-42) considered first British Prime Minister. Richelieu 1624 France. Chancellor.

Prior, Matthew. 1664-1721. English epigrammist/poet: City Mouse and the Country Mouse.

Procopius the Great. c1380-1434. Bohemian leader in Hussite War.

Prokofiev, Sergei. 1891-1953. Russian Romantic opera and symphony composer, pianist. Strong folk element. Peter and the Wolf 1936.

Proletariat. Marxist term for those who live by the sale of their labour. Bourgeoisie.

Prometheus. Titan who made man of clay and gave him life, stole fire from the gods for him. Chained to a rock to have an eagle eat his liver daily. Freed by Hercules.

Prophet, the. c1768-1834. Shawnee leader, Tecumseh’s brother. Blamed for Tippecanoe.

Propogation of the Faith, Congregation. 1622. Catholic Cardinals responsible for spreading the faith.

Protagoras. c485-411BC. First Greek Sophist. “Man is the measure of all things”. “Truth is subjective to each person”. Exiled c415-.

Protestantism. Christian doctrine based on faith instead of church dispensations. Reformation. Presbyterianism. Calvin. Luther.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Provençale. Southern French dialect of Occitan. Mistral.

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