Salon des Refusés. 1863. Paris exhibition of paintings by Cezanne, Manet, Whistler refused by Academy. Déjeuner sur l’herbe.

Servandoni, G.N. 18C Italian/French architect. St. Sulpice facade 1732.

Sezession. Groups of artists who seceded from academies in Munich 1892, Vienna 1897, Berlin 1999.

Speusippus. -339BC. Led Athens Academy after Plato. First Encyclopedia.

Swedish Academy. 1786. Awards Nobel Literature prizes.

Xenocrates. 394-314BC. Greek philosopher. Head of Plato’s Academy.

Yourcenar, Marguerite. 1903-87. French writer; First woman in Académie Française.

Zuccarelli, Francesco. 1702-88. Italian landscape artist. Influenced English. Florentine Royal Academy 1768.