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22 matches to Vatican
Canon Law. Governs church and clergy. Codex Juris Canonici 1917. Vatican Councils.
Capital Punishment. Abolished: 1863 Venezuela; 1870 Netherlands; 1877 Costa Rica; 1949 Germany; 1965 Britain; 1969 Vatican City; 1972 US (reinstated 1976); 1976 Canada; 1981 France; (96 countries). Retained: Iran, Iraq, N Korea, USA (95 countries).
Fontana, Domenico. 1543-1607. Italian/Swiss architect. Vatican Library 1587. St. Peter’s Cupola 1588.
Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.
Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.
Gregory XI. 1329-78. Pope 1370-. Moved Papacy back to Rome from Avignon.
Index Expurgatorius. 1601- Vatican list of books to be expurgated.
Index Librorum Prohibitorium. 1564-1966. Vatican list of prohibited reading.
Infallibility, Papal. 1870. Pope cannot err on matters of faith, morals. Approved by first Vatican Council after heated debate.
Lateran Treaty. 1929. Established Vatican as sovereign state.
Libraries. 1700BC Chaldean. 540BC Athens. 284BC Alexandria. 167 Rome. 355 Constantinople. 1446 Vatican. 1520 Paris. 1757 British Museum. 1598 Oxford Bodleian. 1653 Manchester, First free public. 1800 US Library of Congress.
Maronite. Syrian Roman Catholic Church. 7C Settled Lebanon. 1182- Under Vatican. 1860 Druze massacre Maronites. 1920 Lebanon. Phalangists.
Nicholas V. 1397-1455. Pope 1447-. Founded Vatican library.
Pinturricchio. c1454-1513. Italian religious painter. Vatican frescoes 1492.
Raphaël. 1483-1520. Italian High Renaissance classical painter, sculptor, architect. Vatican frescoes 1508-11. Madonnas 1505-7. Sistine Madonna 1513. Julius II.
Rome. 753BC Legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. 616BC Etruscan. 509BC Roman Republic. 27BC Roman Empire. 248 Empire of the West. 395 Byzantine Empire. 410 Visigoths sack Rome. 476 Romulus Augustulus deposed. 493 Ostrogoth. 535 Byzantine. 774 Charlemagne’s Empire of the West. 962 Holy Roman Empire. 11C Norman. 12C Hohenstaufen. 1848 Republic. 1849 Papal States. 1870 Italy. 1929 -Vatican.
Sistine Chapel. 1473. Vatican. Walls by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio; ceiling by Michelangelo 1508-12. Last Judgement 1534-41.
St Peter’s. 1506-1615. Vatican Basilica. World’s largest. Tomb of St Peter. Bramante. Michelangelo. Raphael. Model for many government buildings.
Swiss Guards. 1505- Swiss Mercenaries protecting monarchs, Pope. 600 massacred at Tuileries 1791. 1825- Incorporated in Vatican forces. Julius II.
Vatican. 1146 Palace begun. 1377 Principal Papal residence. 11,000 rooms; world’s largest residence. 1929 Sovereign. Lateran Treaty.
Vatican City. 1929 State established by Lateran Treaty.
Vatican Councils. 1870 Papal Infallibility. 1962 Modified liturgy. Ecumenicalism.