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201 matches to Philo
Academy. c387BC-529. Greek school founded by Plato dedicated to exploration of science and philosophical truth. Closed by Justinian.
Albertus Magnus, St. c1200-80. Swabian Dominican philosopher influenced Aquinas: independent observation of nature. Alchemist.
Alchemy. Magic art of Egyptian origin attempting to transmute metals, esp lead to gold. Based on belief that all metals are a pure base metal + impurities which the philosopher’s stone can remove.
Alembert, Jean Le Rand d’. 1717-83. French philosopher and mathematician, Encyclopaedist.
Alexander of Hales. -1245. English Franciscan Aristotelian philosopher, theologian. Summa Theologia 1246.
Anarchism. 19C Philosophy: “Every man should be his own government, his own law, his own church”-Owen. Thoreau’s return to nature, passive resistance, and no taxes influenced Ghandi. Proudhon. Tolstoy. Godwin.
Anaxagoras. c500-428BC. Ionian rational philosopher. Mind can move matter. Eclipses.
Anaximander. c611-547BC. Miletan (Greek) philosopher. First Greek maps. Attempted systematic explanation of Universe. Named zodiac signs 560BC.
Anaximenes. -c570BC. Miletan (Gr) philosopher: quantitive differences of substances. All matter is air.
Antisthenes. c445-365BC. Greek philosopher. Founder of Cynics.
Arai Hakuseki. 1657-1725. Japanese Confucian philosopher, statesman, historian.
Aristippus. 435-366BC. Cyrenaic philosopher: Man’s goal should be pleasure. Good=pleasant.
Aristotle. 384-322BC. Greek philosopher, founder of Peripatetics: Unified theory of knowledge. Matter, potentially alive, strives to attain its living form. Stressed observation and logic. Deductive Reasoning. Free Will.
Averroës, Ibn Rushd. 1126-98. Arab philosopher: eternity of creation, universal shared consciousness.
Avicenna, Ali ibn-Sina. 980-1037. Arab physician, philosopher: Canon of Medicine.
Bacon, Francis. 1561-1626. English chancellor and philosopher. First king’s counsel. Favoured inductive over deductive reasoning. Separated Science from religion. New Atlantis 1625. B. Scientific method: Novum Organum 1620. Essays 1625.
Bain, Alexander. 1818-1903. Scottish pragmatist philosopher, psychologist. Logic 1870.
Bentham, Jeremy. 1748-1832. English Utilitarian philosopher, jurist. Principles of Morals and Legislation 1789. Fragment on Government 1776.“Greatest happiness for the greatest number”.
Bergson, Henri. 1859-1941. Philosopher. Creative Evolution 1907. The life force. Vitalism.
Berkeley, George. 1685-1753. Irish immaterialist philosopher: reality exists only in the eye of God; for man, only when perceived. Principles of Knowledge 1710.
Bernard of Chartres. -c1130. French Neoplatonic Idealist philosopher. Real world of eternal ideas vs apparent world of material objects.
Bernardin de St. Pierre, Jacques. 1737-1814. French writer. Propagated JJ Rousseau’s back to nature philosophy. Paul et Virginie 1788.
Bodin, Jean. 1530-96. French political philosopher. Advocated democratic monarchy.
Boethius. 475-524. Roman translator of Aristotle. Neoplatonic. Stoic. Consolation of Philosophy 523 (while imprisoned).
Bosanquet, Bernard. 1848-1923. English neo-Hegelian Idealist philosopher. History of Aesthetic 1892.