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116 matches to Europe
Haskala. 18-19C Cultural movement to move European Jews from ghettos into mainstream.
Hennepin, Louis. 1626-1701. Missionary explorer of Great Lakes. First European to Niagara Falls.
Holy Alliance. 1815. Russia, Prussia, Austria ally to preserve Christian principles, peace and monarchies. All European rulers but 3 joined.
Huns. Nomadic peoples of Central Asia who invaded Europe in 4-5C. Attila. Defeated at Châlons-sur-Marne, 451.
Imperialism. 19C European movement to expand control over larger territories.
Impressionism. 1867-86. European art movement named 1874 for Monet’s Impression Sunrise. Direct from nature with colors to render surfaces and lighting effects. Rejected primacy of subject. Renoir, Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Manet. Music: 1892-1910. Restraint and ambiguity. Mood music. Debussy.
Instrument of Government. 1653-7. First written constitution in Europe. Established Protectorate in England. Humble Petition.
Iron Age. 1200BC. Hittites begin to use iron for tools and weapons. 1000BC Europe. 600BC China.
Iron Curtain. 1946. Churchill’s name for Russia’s increasing influence in Eastern Europe. Dining à la Russe refers to carving being done behind an iron screen.
Japan. 660BC Empire founded by legendary Jimmu. 5C AD First unified state. c552 Buddhism. 1192 First Shogun ruler. 1543 European contact (Portugal). 1639 Isolation. 1868 Meiji restoration. 1945-52 Allies occupy. 1947 Constitutional monarchy.
Locarno Pact. 1925. Non-aggression treaty in Europe. Germany, France, Belgium, et al. Broken when Hitler occupied Rhineland,1936.
Maastricht, Treaty. 1993. Established European Union. Common citizenship, currency and free trade.
Madras Mutiny. 1809. European officers vs British East India Co.
Marshall Plan. 1948-52. European Recovery Program. US supplied $12B goods, loans, grants. Rejected by COMECON as ’dollar imperialism’.
Mazowiecki, Tadeusz. 1927-. Polish Prime Minister 1989. First non-communist Prime Minister in Eastern Europe in 40 years.
Métis. Mixed European/native race in Canada, N US. Riel.
Middle Ages. 395-1492. Collapse of Rome to Columbus. Rise of Church power, modern European states. Dark Ages.
Mitterand, François. 1916-96. Socialist president of France, 1981-95. Promoted European unity.
Monroe Doctrine. 1823. No interference by Europe in Western Hemisphere. No US interference in Europe.
Morris Dance. English ritual folk dance of ancient Indo-European origins.
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. 1756-91. Viennese Classical composer. European tour at age 6. Seemingly effortless compositions of symmetry and melody with emotional feeling. Marriage of Figaro 1786. Don Juan 1787. Magic Flute 1791.
Napoleonic Wars. 1803-15. France conquers most of Europe until Waterloo. Paris Treaty. Wars of Coalition.
NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.
Nicopolis, Battle. 1396. Turks crushed Crusaders. Ended European opposition to Ottoman expansion into Balkans.
OEEC. Organization for European Economic Cooperation. 1948-61. Western European trade organization. OECD.