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Académie Française. Assembly of 40 “immortals” founded 1635 by Richelieu to set literary standards, language.
Acid Rain. 1940-. Rain and fog of pH<5.5 caused by industrial air pollution. Prevalent in North America, Eastern Europe.
Adler, Alfred. 1870-1937. Austrian psychiatrist. Split with Freud, 1911.
Adlerian Psychology. Man is driven to attain power to compensate for “inferiority feeling”. Can lead to “Overcompensation”, e.g. short dictators. Neuroses are illnesses as an excuse for underachievement.
Aeëtes. Greek. Medea’s father. Guardian of Golden Fleece.
Aegeus. King of Athens. Theseus’ father. Suicide.
Aeschylus. 524-456BC. Founded Greek tragic drama. Introduced 2nd actor, reduced chorus. Prometheus Bound. Seven Against Thebes, 467.
Afghanistan. c200BC Aryan. 6C BC Achaemenid. 330 Alexander...Seleucid/ Maurya. 2C BC Persia/ India/ Parthia/ Kushan. 7C Arab (NW). 750 Persia (W)/ Hindu (E). 1219 Mongol...Timurid. 1525 Mogul. 1737 Persia. 1747 Monarchy. 19 C Britain/Russia dispute 1880 British suzerainty. 1919 Independent. 1973 Marxist coup, Republic. 1978 Communist coup. 1979 Russian occupation. 1989 Mujahideen expel Russians aided by CIA. 1990s Warlords. 2001 US attack Taliban.
African Colonization. 1840-1920. 15C Portuguese exploration. 1884-1920 Africa divided by European powers. 1950- anti-colonial mvmts.
Alba, Duke of. 1507-82. Tyrannical Spanish Governorof Netherlands 1567-73. Gueux.
Albert of Brandenburg. 1490-1568. First Duke of Prussia, 1525. Ended Teutonic Knights’ rule.
Alcaeus. c610-580BC. Greek tragic poet.
Alcuin. c735-804. English Counselor to Charlemagne. Set up monastic education system in Europe.
Alpini, Prospero. 1553-1616. Italian physician. Introduced coffee and bananas to Europe.
Altranstadt, Peace. 1706 Sweden-Poland: Augustus renounces Polish throne. 1707 Sweden-HRE: HRE buys Swedish neutrality in War of Spanish Succession. 1714 Louis XIV-Charles VI.
Amadeus VIII. Antipope Felix V 1439-49.
Amon. Horned Egyptian deity. Greek =Zeus.
Amphityron. Greek husband, impersonated by Zeus to seduce Alcmene.
Andromeda. Ethiopian wife of Perseus.
Aneurin. -c560. Welsh poet. Y Gododdin.
Anne of Austria. 1601-66. Wife of Louis XIII. Founded Feuillantines, 1622; Val-de-Grâce, 1638. Regent for Louis XIV until he became of age.
Anschluss. Austrian “reunification” with Germany, 1938 by plebiscite-99.75% for.
Antaeus. Giant son of Poseiden killed by Heracles.
Antioch. 300BC Seleucus I founds. 64BC Rome. First reference to disciples as Christians c42. 540 Persia. 637 Moslem. 10-11C Syrian capital. 969 Byzantine. 1098 Crusader State. 1268 Egypt. 1517 Ottoman. 1920 Syria. 1939 Turkey.
Antony, Mark. c83-30BC. Caesar’s lieutenant. Triumvirate 43-32. Defeated at Actium with Cleopatra. Suicide.